THE AEGEAN PROBLEM IN RELATIONS BETWEEN TÜRKIYE AND GREECE

Abstract

Throughout history, Greece and Türkiye have had a complex relationship characterized by both friendly relations and periods of conflict and confrontation. In the 20th century, there were several instances of war and conflict between the two nations. However, beginning in 1999, the two countries entered a new phase in their relations, characterized by increased cooperation and dialogue. This period was marked by the improvement of official relations between the governments of Greece and Türkiye, facilitated by the Greek government’s support for Türkiye’s efforts to join the European Union. Nevertheless, certain issues remain unresolved.

One of these disputes relates to the delineation of the territorial sea in the Aegean Sea. The issue in the Aegean arises from disagreements over the continental shelf and territorial waters. It should be noted that resolving this dispute is a matter of keen interest not only for Greece and Türkiye, but also for European countries, Russia, and Israel. The discovery of new oil and gas reserves in the Eastern Mediterranean has further complicated the issue. If the dispute is settled in favor of Türkiye, then these areas will belong to Southern Cyprus' territorial waters if it is settled in favor of both Türkiye and Greece. This factor directly affects Europe's dependence on Russian energy. Therefore, in proposing a resolution to the dispute, it is necessary to conduct legal and political analyses.

In general, there has been progress between Türkiye and Greece in terms of diplomatic, political, trade, economic, transportation, tourism, cultural, and educational relations. In order to resolve existing issues between the two countries, various mechanisms have been put in place through dialogue, including political discussions, meetings, and the High-Level Cooperation Council. Recently, the number of official high-level visits has increased. The High-Level Cooperation Council meetings take place alternately in Türkiye and Greece, coordinated by the heads of government and foreign ministers from both countries.

It can be concluded that the most appropriate course of action would be to grant these islands 3 nautical miles of territorial waters, in accordance with the provisions of the Lausanne Treaty of 1923 and the Paris Treaty of 1947. Considering the unchanged positions of both parties, it is advisable to resolve the matter of the delineation of territorial waters in the Aegean Sea in accordance with these principles and methods, in order to avoid this situation escalating into a global crisis.