ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A TOOL OF POWER IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Abstract

This article explores artificial intelligence (AI) as a transformative tool of power in international relations, reshaping traditional dimensions of hard, soft, sharp, and smart power. AI enhances military and economic capabilities, promotes cultural narratives, enables disinformation campaigns, and integrates strategic influence. The U.S. and China lead in leveraging AI for geopolitical dominance, while the EU emphasizes ethical regulation, and Global South nations like India and Saudi Arabia use AI for regional influence. The article highlights AI’s dual nature as a “two-faced Janus,” offering opportunities for both major powers and smaller actors while posing risks of destabilization and technological divides. Through case studies, such as Israel’s Operation “Rising Lion,” and analyses of global AI trends, the study underscores AI’s role in creating cognitive power and redefining global leadership. It concludes that AI’s democratization of power and ethical challenges necessitate international cooperation to manage its geopolitical impact.