E-GOVERNANCE: A PATHWAY TO DEMOCRACY OR TOTALITARIANISM?

Abstract

Abstract. The article explores e-governance as a tool for transforming modern governance idea, which can both promote the deepening of democracy and create prerequisites for strengthening totalitarian control. It analyzes the advantages of implementing digital technologies in public administration, particularly in terms of transparency, accessibility, and efficiency. At the same time, it outlines the risks of excessive data centralization, digital surveillance, and abuse of power. Special attention is given to the concept of "digital dictatorship" and examples of e-governance practices across different political regimes. Particular focus is placed on the issues of digital authoritarianism and the mechanisms of digital dictatorship, manifested through the centralization of data control, mass surveillance, algorithmic discrimination, and information manipulation. Based on international experience, the article formulates recommendations for ensuring the democratic nature of digital transformation: respect for human rights, transparency of digital solutions, and the creation of institutional safeguards for the protection of digital rights. The study emphasizes the importance of legal, ethical, and technological support for e-governance processes to prevent the risks of digital dictatorship. Conclusions are drawn regarding the conditions under which e-governance promotes democratization and warnings are provided about potential challenges in the field of human rights.