NEGOTIATIONS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Abstract. The article examines negotiations as a key instrument of global governance in the context of the transformation of the international political system. The author analyzes theoretical approaches to understanding negotiations: liberal institutionalism, realism, constructivism and game theory. It is analyzed that negotiations in the modern global environment go beyond traditional interstate diplomacy, covering multilevel interactions involving states, international organizations, corporations and civil society. A comparative analysis of practical cases of negotiations on vaccine distribution (COVAX/TRIPS Waiver), climate change (COP26-COP28), regulation of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity, global taxation and migration agreements is presented. The author identifies the main challenges to the effectiveness of negotiations: power asymmetry, populism, disinformation campaigns, and fragmentation of global governance. Particular attention is paid to the prospects of digitalization of negotiation processes, in particular, the use of virtual platforms, blockchain technologies and artificial intelligence tools. The article offers recommendations for strengthening the inclusiveness, transparency and adaptability of negotiation practices in global governance. The results of the study emphasize the need for an interdisciplinary approach and innovative strategies to effectively address global challenges in the twenty-first century.