MILITARY INTERVENTION AS MEANS TO ESTABLISHING EFFECTIVE MODEL OF STATE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2016.127.1.57-67Abstract
In the context of failed states, it is considered that intervention by the international community can restore state apparatus proper functioning and ensure changes that would have been unlikely without external interference. However, international political practice shows that military interventions in failed states do not necessarily achieve the desired result – reconstruction of the state. Intervention of ambition to bring a speedy resolution of failed states problems often ignore the complex and contentious political issues in situations that accompany the process of state power erosion. Short-sighted and ill-informed foreign military intervention could materialise power imbalances and promote the escalation of the conflict in the target country. Moreover, the failure of international efforts to rebuild public administration in an atmosphere of overall destabilisation, aggravated by the external military intervention, may cause a new round of political struggle for the monopoly of violence and deepen the social and political chaos. However, in situations of rapid deterioration in internal and regional security, provoked by state failure, military intervention may be an effective tool. Its main advantage compared to
other strategies is the promptness of response and speeding up of social and political change.
Key words: military intervention, intrastate conflict, state erosion, international security, failed state.
References
Rotberg R. The Failure and Collapse of Nation-States: Breakdown, Prevention, and Repair / R. Rotberg // When States Fail: Causes and Consequences / R. Rotberg. – Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004. – P. 1-49.
Engberg-Pedersen L. Fragile Situations: Background Papers / L. Engberg-Pedersen, L. Andersen, F. Stepputat, D. Jung. – Copenhagen: Danish Institute of International Studies, 2008. – 56 p.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 794 [Electronic Resource] // United Nations Security Council. – 1992. – 3 December. – Mode of access: http://www.securitycouncilre-port.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Chap%20VII%20
SRES%20794.pdf (accessed on 04. 04. 2016).
Thürer D. The ‘Failed State’ and International Law / D. Thürer // International Review of the Red Cross. – 1999. – Vol. 81. – № 836. – P. 731-761.
Holzgrefe J. L. The Humanitarian Intervention Debate / J. L. Holzgrefe // Humanitarian Intervention. Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas / Ed. by J. L. Holzgrefe, R. Keohane. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. – P. 15-32.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 841 [Electronic Resource] // United Nations Security Council. – 1993. – 16 June. – Mode of access: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N93/354/58/IMG/N9335458.pdf (accessed on 04. 04. 2016).
United Nations Security Council Resolution 940 [Electronic Resource] // United Nations Security Council. – 1994. – 31 July. – Mode of access: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/
UNDOC/GEN/N94/312/22/PDF/N9431222.pdf (accessed on 04. 04. 2016).
United Nations Security Council Resolution 688 [Electronic Resource] // United Nations Se-
curity Council. – 1991. – 5 April. – Mode of access: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/
RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/596/24/IMG/NR059624.pdf (accessed on 04. 04. 2016).
Chan K. State Failure and the Changing Nature of the Jus Ad Bellum / K. Chan // Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies. – 2013. – February. – 30 p.
Geiß R. Armed Violence in Fragile States: Low-intensity Conflicts, Spillover Conflicts, and Sporadic Law Enforcement Operations by Third Parties / R. Geiß // International Review of the Red Cross. – 2009. – Vol. 91. – № 873. – P. 127-142.
Karda S. Humanitarian Intervention: The Evolution of the Idea and Practice / S. Karda // Journal of International Affairs. – 2001. – Vol. 6. – № 2. – P. 2-13.
Ottawa M. Rebuilding State Institutions in Collapsed States / M. Ottawa // Development and Change. – 2002. – Vol. 33. – № 5. – P. 1001-1023.
Gizelis T.-I. Why Humanitarian Interventions Succeed or Fail: The Role of Local Participation, Cooperation and Conflict / T.-I. Gizelis, K. Kosek // Journal of the Nordic International Studies Association. – 2005. – Vol. 40. – № 4. – P. 363-383.
Hagmann T. Failures of the State Failure Debate: Evidence from the Somali Territories / T.
Hagmann, M. Hoehne // Journal of International Development. – 2008. – Vol. 21. – P. 42-57.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 814 [Electronic Resource] // United Nations Security Council. – 1993. – 26 March. – Mode of access: http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Chap%20VII%20 SRES%20814.pdf (accessed on 04. 04. 2016).
Menkhaus K. State Failure, State-Building, and Prospects for a ‘Functional Failed State’ in Somalia / K. Menkhaus // The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. – 2014. – Vol. 656. – P. 154-172.
Chesterman S. Transitional Administration, State-Building and the United Nations / S. Chesterman // Making States Work: State Failure and the Crisis of Governance / Ed. by S. Chesterman, M. Ignatieff, R. Thakur. – Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 2005. – P. 339-358.
Carment D. Effective Defence Policy for Responding to Failed and Failing States / D. Carment // Canadian Defence & Foreign Affairs Institute’s Research Paper Series. – 2005. – June. – 34 p.
Fraser D. Failed States: Why They Matter and What We Should Do About Them / D. Fraser // Canadian Institute of International Affairs International Insights. – 2007. – Vol. 5. – № 2. – P. 1-6.
Dobbins J. Nation-Building, The Inescapable Responsibility of the World’s Only Superpower / J. Dobbins // RAND Review. – 2003. – Summer. – P. 17-20.
Quinlivan J. Burden of Victory: The Painful Arithmetic of Stability Operations / J. Quinlivan // RAND Review. – 2003. – Summer. – P. 27-29.
Trefon T. Congo Masquerade: The Political Culture of Aid Inefficiency and Reform Failure / T. Trefon. – New York: Zed Books, 2011. – 160 p.