STUDY OF THE RESULTS OF ENERGY SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA

Abstract

This article analyzes the impact of energy sanctions imposed on Russia after its military aggression against Ukraine, emphasizing their role as an instrument of economic pressure and geopolitical influence. The study examines how restrictions on oil and gas exports, technological cooperation, and access to international financial markets have weakened Russia’s economic stability and limited its energy sector’s modernization. Despite partial adaptation through the use of a “shadow fleet” of tankers and high global oil prices, the sanctions have significantly reduced export revenues, disrupted logistics chains, and reshaped the geography of energy supplies. The article identifies the loss of the European natural gas market as one of the most significant consequences, highlighting the structural shift in global energy flows and the increased role of Asian countries. The introduction of new sanctions in 2024, including those targeting the “shadow fleet” and the Arctic LNG-2 project, has intensified the economic strain on Russia and threatened key strategic energy initiatives. The results demonstrate that sanctions have become an effective non-military mechanism for influencing state behavior, while Russia’s efforts to circumvent them reveal both its resilience and systemic vulnerabilities. The study concludes that continuous adaptation of the sanctions regime and international coordination remain essential to maintaining pressure and supporting global energy security.