CULTURAL DIPLOMACY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY AND STUDIES ON DIPLOMACY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2016.127.2.4-19Abstract
This article analyses how the concept of cultural diplomacy has appeared in the theoretical debate on international relations and studies on diplomacy. As cultural diplomacy has long been present in the practice of diplomacy, it was examined primarily by its historians and practitioners. As a result, it was conceptualized and perceived mostly as an instrument with which states advance their interests and achieve political objectives. As far as theoretical perspective is considered, cultural diplomacy has appeared most of all in relation to the concept of «soft power». The goal of this paper is to present in a systematised way how this category has been present in the theoretical discourse. Furthermore, the article aims at determining whether the content of the concept has changed in response to processes and phenomena currently observed in international politics.References
Frankel Ch. The Neglected Aspect of Foreign Affairs: American educational and cultural policy Abroad / Ch. Frankel. – Washington D. C. : The Brookings Institution, 1966. – 156 p.
Mark S. A Greater Role for Cultural Diplomacy / S. Mark. –Clingendael Institute, Discussion Paper, 2009. – 51 p.
Melissen J. The New Public Diplomacy, ≪soft power≫ in International Relations / J. Mellisen. – London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. – 240 p.
Gienow-Hecht J. What Are We Searching For? Culture, Diplomacy, Agents and the State. Searching for a Cultural Diplomacy. Ed. Jessica Gienow-Hecht and Mark Donfried / J. Gienow-Hecht. – New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2010. – 265 p.
Haigh A. Cultural diplomacy in Europe, Strasburg, Council of Europe; Sales agent / A. Haigh. – Manhattan: Pub. Co., 1974. – 252 p.
Ferguson N. Colossus: The Price of America’s Empire / N. Ferguson. – New York : Penguin Press. Intro, 2004. – 384 p.
Topić M. Cultural diplomacy and Cultural imperialism European perspective(s), Peter Lang / M. Topić & C. Sciortino. – New York, Oxford, Wien, 2012. – 243 p.
Wyszomirski M. International Cultural Relations: A MultiCountry Comparison / M. Wyszomirski. – Washington, D. C. : Centre for Arts and Culture, 2003. – 67 p.
Oxford Dictionaries: ≪Culture: Definition of Culture in Oxford Dictionary (British & World English)≫, 2015 [Electronic source]. – Access mode: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/culture.
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, ≪Culture: Definition of Culture in Longman Dictionary (British & World English)≫, 2015 [Electronic source]. – Access mode: http://www. ldoceonline.com/dictionary/culture_1.
Cummings Milton C. Cultural Diplomacy and the United States Government: A Survey / C. Milton Cummings. – Washington, D. C. : Centre for Arts and Culture, 2003. – 15 p.
Goff P. Cultural Diplomacy / P. Goff, A. F. Cooper / Ed. J. Heine, R. Thakur // In book: The Oxford handbook of modern diplomacy. – Oxford University Press, 2013. – P. 420.
Statler K. The Sound of Musical Diplomacy / K. Statler // Diplomatic History. – 2012. – Vol. 36 (1). – P. 71-75.
Lee J. M. British cultural diplomacy and the cold war: 1946–61 / J. M. Lee // Diplomacy & Statecraft. – 1998. – Vol. 9. – Isssue 1. – P. 112-134.
Arndt R. T. The First Resort of Kings: American Cultural Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century / R. T. Arnd. – Washington, D. C. : Potomac Books, 2005. – 602 p.
Rivera T. Distinguishing Cultural Relations From Cultural Diplomacy: The British Council’s Relationship With Her Majesty’s Government, Figueroa Press / T. Rivera. – Los Angeles: University of Southern California, 2015. – 53 p.
Mark S. A Greater Role for Cultural Diplomacy / S. Mark. – Clingendael Institute Discussion Paper, 2009. – 51 p.
Mearsheimer J. Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War, International Security / J. Mearsheimer. – 1990. – Vol. 15. – № 1 (Summer). – P. 5-56.
Morgenthau H. Politics Among Nations / H. Morgenthau / 5th ed. – New York : Knopf. 1978. – 15 p.
Waltz K. International Politics Is Not Foreign Policy / K. Waltz // Security Studies. – 1996. – Vol. 6. – Issue 1. – P. 54-57.
Moravcsik A. Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics Author(s) / A. Moravcsik // International Organization. – 1997. – Vol. 51. – № 4 (Autumn). – P. 513-553.
Rosenau J. N. The Study of Global Interdependence. Essays on the Transnationalization of World Affairs / J. N. Rosenau – London: Frances Pinter, 1980. – 334 p.
Nye J. S. Jr., ≪Soft power≫: The Means to Success in World Politics / J. S. Jr. Nye. – New York : Public Affairs, 2004. – 208 p.
Dolan Ch. ≪Soft power≫ and Cultural Exchange: Assessing the Global Influence of U.S.-hosted Higher Educational Exchange Programs (Presented at ISA-Toronto 2014) / Ch Dolan, C. Escudero [Electronic souse]. – Access mode: https://www.academia.edu/9861893/Soft_Power_and_Cultural_Exchange_Assessing_the_Global_Influence_of_U.S._hosted_Higher_Educational_Exchange_Programs_Presented_at_ISA-Toronto_2014.
Nye J. S. Get Smart: Combining Hard and ≪soft power≫ / J. S. Nye // Foreign Affairs. – 2009. – Vol. 88 (July/August). – P. 160-163.
Melissen J. The New Public Diplomacy: Between Theory and Practice / J. Melissen // The New Public Diplomacy, ≪soft power≫ in International Relations / J. Melissen. – London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. – P. 3-27.
Cull N. J. Public Diplomacy before Gullion: The Evolution of a Phrase, 2009 [Electronic source] / N. J. Cull. – Access mode: http://uscpublicdiplomacy.com/index.php/newsroom/pdblog_detail/060418public_ diplomacy_before_gullion_the_evolution_of_a_phrase.
Gilboa E. Public Diplomacy: The Missing Component in Israel’s Foreign Policy / E. Gilboa // Israel Affairs. – 2006. – Vol. 12. – № 4. – Р. 715-747.
Melissen J. Public diplomacy / J. Melissen // In book: Diplomacy in a Globalizing World Theories and Practices / Ed. P. Kerr and G. Wiseman, 2013. – P. 192-208.
Leonard M. Public Diplomacy / M. Leonard, C. Stead, C. Smewing – London: Foreign Policy Centre, 2002 – 183 p.
Cull N. J. Public Diplomacy: Lessons from the Past, CPD Perspectives on Public Diplomacy / N. J. Cull. – Los Angeles, CA : Figuera Press, 2009. – 62 p.
Feigenbaum H. B. Globalization and cultural diplomacy / H. B. Feigenbaum – Center for arts and culture, Culture & the National Agenda Issue Paper, 2001. – 29 p.
Wendt A. Social Theory of International Politics / A. Wendt. – Cambridge, 1999. – 477 p.
Finnemore M. National Interests in International Society / M. Finnermore. – Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1996. – 176 p.
Hill Ch. The National Interest in Question: Foreign Policy in Multicultural Societies / Ch. Hill – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. – 336 p.
Adler E. Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics / E. Adler // European Journal of International Relations. – 1997. – Vol. 3 (3). – P 319-363.
Wendt A. Social Theory of International Politics / A. Wend. – Cambridge, 1999. – 477 p.
Tannenwald N. Ideas and Explanation: Advancing the Research Agenda / Eds. N. Tannenwald and W. C. Wohlforth ≪The Role of Ideas and the End of the Cold War,≫ Special Issue of // The Journal of Cold War Studies. – 2005. – Vol. 7. – № 2 (Spring). – P. 13-42.
Cross Mai’a K. Davis Conceptualizing European Public Diplomacy / In book: Mai’a K. Davis Cross, J. Melissen European Public Diplomacy : ≪soft power≫ at Work. – New York: Palgrave Macmillan. – 2013. – P. 1-13 p.
Guzzini S. A reconstruction of constructivism in International Relations / S. Guzzini // European Journal of International Relations. – 2000. – Vol. 6. – № 2. – P. 147-182.
Jonsson Ch. Essence of Diplomacy / Ch. Jonsson, M. Hall – London–Houndmills : Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. – 218 p.
Jonsson Ch. Communication: An Essential Aspect of Diplomacy / Ch Jonsson, M. Hall // International Studies Perspectives. – 2003 – Vol. 4. – P. 195-210.
Jonsson Ch. Theorising diplomacy / Ch. Jonsson // In book: Routledge Handbook of Diplomacy and Statecraft / Ed. B. J. C. McKercher. – London : Taylor Francis Ltd, 2012. – P. 15-28.
Satow E. M. A guide to diplomatic practice / E. M. Satow. – London : Longman, 1932. – 542 p.
Berridge G. R. Diplomacy: Theory and Practice / G. R. Berridge / 4th ed. – London: Palgrave Basingstoke, 2010. – 282 p.
Haigh A. Cultural diplomacy in Europe / A. Haight. – Strasburg, Council of Europe; Sales agent, Manhattan Pub. Co, 1974. – 251 p.
Barghoorn C. The Soviet Cultural Offensive: The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Soviet Foreign Policy / C. Barghoorn – Princeton, N J : Princeton University Press, 1960. – 353 p.
Barston R. Modern diplomacy. Pearson Education / R. Barston / 4th ed. – London: Routledge, 2013. – 454 p.
Sharp P. Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats: The People of Duluth, Minnesota, as International Actors / P. Sharp // International Studies Perspectives. – 2001. – Vol. 2 – Issue 2. – P. 131-150.
Holsti K. J., The Problem of Change in International Relations Theory / K. J. Holsti // Institute of International Relations The University of British Columbia. Working Paper. – 1998. – № 26-21 p.
Cooper A.F. The Oxford handbook of modern diplomacy / A. F. Cooper, J. Heine, R. Thakur. – Oxford University Press, 2013. – 990 p.