RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES: ASYMETRY AND INTERDEPENDENCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2018.137.0.13-24Abstract
Abstract. The article analyze the nature and content of bilateral Canadian-American asymmetric relations with uses the general scientific methods of empirical knowledge. The asymmetry of quantitative and qualitative parameters of Canada and the USA, which is caused by historical, geographical, political, economic, demographic and cultural factors, is revealed. It is proved that in the conditions of interdependence, the asymmetry of military potentials is not a determining factor in relations between the two North American countries.
Actual problems of international relations. Release 137. 2018
14
It found that the existing asymmetry of indicators between Canada and the United States does not create opportunities for the strong side to dictate its conditions and does not allow these relations to be turned into a one-sided relationship. Key Canadian strategies aimed at reducing asymmetry in relations with the United States are identified. It is indicated that “soft power” is an important factor in strengthening Canada’s political position in the asymmetric model of coexistence with the United States. The Relations between Canada and the United States are characterized not only by the high level of asymmetry and the wide application of regulatory mechanisms, but also by the high degree of interdependence that is particularly noticeable in the economic and cultural spheres. The asymmetric relationship between Canadian-American is evident in terms of reaching consensus in a wide range of activities.
Key words: USA, Canada, Canadian-American Relations, Asymmetry, Interdependence, Potential.
References
References
Asymetriya mizhnarodnykh vidnosyn (2005) [Asymmetry and International Relationships], Vydavnychyy dim «Stylos»: 555 s.
Bessonova M. (2001) ‘Kanada – SShA ta Ukrayina – Rosiya: sproba porivnyal’noho analizu’ [Canada – The USA and Ukraine - Russia: comparative analysis attempt], Tsentr Osvitnikh Initsiatyv, P. 15–28.
Bochar. I. (2006) ‘Polityka bezpeky Kanady’ [Canada's National Security Policy], Aktual’ni problemy mizhnarodnykh vidnosyn 64: 32–34.
Bochar. I. (2008) ‘Rehional’ne spivrobitnytstvo Kanady’ [Canadian regional cooperation], Nova paradyhma 14: 50–56.
Komkova E. (2014) ‘Diplomaticheskaya kul’tura vo vzaimootnosheniyah SSHA – Kanada’ [Diplomatic Culture in the Canada-U.S. Relationships], Mirovaya ehkonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya 7: 98–106.
Mishchuk Z. (2001) ‘Strukturna asymetriia syly u zovnishnii politytsi: al’ternatyvni stratehii SShA ta Kanady i uroky dlia Ukrainy’ [Structural asymmetry of force in foreign policy: alternative strategies of the USA and Canada and lessons for Ukraine], Aktual’ni problemy mizhnarodnykh vidnosyn 57: 80–85.
Ostash N. (2009) ‘Kanads’ko-amerykans’ki vidnosyny u sferakh bezpeky ta oborony’ [Canadian-American relations in the spheres of safety and defenсe], Visnyk NTUU "KPI". Politolohiia. Sotsiolohiia. Pravo: zbirnyk naukovykh prats’ 4: 22–27.
Ostash N. (2009) ‘Dosvid asymetrychnoho spivisnuvannia Kanady ta SShA i mozhlyvosti yoho proektsii na ukrains’ko-rosiis’ki vidnosyny’ [Experience of asymmetric
Актуальні проблеми міжнародних відносин. Випуск 137. 2018. .
coexistence of Canada and USA and possibilities of his projection on Ukrainian-Russian relations], Naukovyi visnyk Dyplomatychnoi akademii Ukrainy 15: 262–267.
Perepelytsya H. (2002) ‘Yak zhyty, vidriznyayuchys’, ale v harmoniyi. Teoretychni aspekty mizhderzhavnykh vidnosyn’ [How to live, differing, but in harmony. Theoretical Aspects of Interstate Relations], Polityka i chas 4: 50–65.
Rusakova O. (2010) ‘Kontsept “myagkoy sily” (soft power) v sovremennoy politicheskoy filosofii’ [The Concept of “Soft Power" in Contemporary Political Philosophy], Nauchnyy ezhegodnik Instituta filosofii i prava Rossiyskoy akademii nauk 10. Available at: <https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kontsept-myagkoy-sily-soft-power-v-sovremennoy-politicheskoy-filosofii>
‘America’s Alliances and Canadian-American Relations’ (1988) edited by L. McKinsey and K. R. Nossal, Toronto: Summerhill Press, 223 p.
Central Intelligence Agency. Available at: 13. Creighton Donald G. (1976) ‘The Forked Road. Canada 1939–1957’, Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 324 p. 14. Doran Charles. (1984) ‘Forgotten Partnership’. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 294 p. 15. Heeney, A. D. P. (1965) ‘Canada and the United States: Principles for Partnership’, June 28, 52 p.
Jones D. T. (2007) ‘Uneasy neighbo(u)rs: Canada, the USA and the Dynamics of State, Industry and Culture’, Mississauga, Ontario: John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd, 320 p.
Keohane R., Nye J. (1977) ‘Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition’, Boston: Little Brown, 273 p. 18. Kirton J. (2006) ‘Canadian Foreign Policy in a Changing World’, First Canadian Edition, Toronto: Nelson and Thomson, 562 p.
‘Living with Uncle: ‘Canada-US Relations in an Age of Empire’ (2006) Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives James Lorimer & Company, 279 p.
Nye J. (1990) ‘Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power’, New York: Basic Books, 336 p.
Nye J. (2004) ‘Soft Power. The Means to Success in World Politics’, New York: Public Affairs, 208 p.
Nye J. (2002) ‘The Paradox of American Power’, N.Y., 229 p.
Nye Joseph. (1996) ‘America’s Information Edge’, Foreign Affairs, March, April. Available at: <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245272206_America''s_Information_Edge>
‘Partners Nevertheless: Canadian-American Relations in the Twentieth Century’ (1989), edited by N. Hillmer, Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman Ltd, 322 p. 25. Pearson Lester B. Mike. (1973) ‘The Memoirs of the Right Honourable Lester B. Pearson, 1948–57.’ Edited by John A. Munro and Alex I. Inglis. Vol. 2, New York: Quadrangle, 372 p.
Rosecrance R., Stein A. (1973) ‘Interdependence: Myth or Reality?’ World Politics, No. 26. Available at:
Sloan E. C. (2002) ‘The Revolution in Military Affairs: Implications for Canada and NATO’, Montreal, Quebec: McGill Queen’s University Press, 188 p.
Thompson, J. H. (2008) ‘Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies’, Fourth edition, Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 464 p.
Womack B. (2001) ‘How size matters: The United States, China and asymmetry’, Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 24, Issue 4. Available at: <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01402390108437858>
Actual problems of international relations. Release 137. 2018
Womack B. (2004) ‘Asymmetry Theory and China’s Concept of Multipolarity’, Journal of Contemporary China, 13(39), May. Available at: <https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ed61/fecb11d32e3eda43377b76c31d4799483056.pdf>
